THE ORIGINS OF LANGUAGE. The divine source; The natural sound source. ANIMALS AND HUMAN LANGUAGE. Communication; Properties of human language; Talking to animals. THE SOUNDS OF LANGUAGE. Phonetics; Voiced and voiceless sounds; Place of articulation; Charting consonant sounds. THE SOUND PATTERNS OF LANGUAGE. Phonology; phonemes; Phones and allophones. WORD FORMATION. Etymology; Coinage; Borrowing. MORPHOLOGY. Morphology; Morphemes; Morphological description. GRAMMAR. Grammar; traditional grammar; Traditional analysis. SYNTAX. Syntax; Tree diagrams; Symbols used in syntactic analysis. SEMANTICS. Meaning; Semantic features; Semantic roles. PRAGMATICS. Pragmatics; Context; Reference. DISCOURSE ANALYSIS. Discourse analysis; Interpreting discourse; Conversation analysis. LANGUAGE AND THE BRAIN. Neurolinguistic; Language areas in the brain; Tongue tips and slips. FIRST LANGUAGE ACQUISITION. Acquisition; The acquisition schedule; The acquisition schedule. SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION/LEARNING. Second language learning; Focus on method; Focus on the learner. GESTURES AND SIGN LANGUAGES. Gestures; Types of signs languages; Oralism. WRITING. Writing; Pictograms and ideograms; Logograms. LANGUAGE HISTORY AND CHANGE. Family trees; Comparative reconstruction; The history of English. LANGUAGE AND REGIONAL VARIATION. The standard language; Accent and dialect; Dialectology. LANGUAGE AND SOCIAL VARIATION. Sociolinguistic; Speech style and style-shifting; African American English. LANGUAGE AND CULTURE. Culture; Categories; Linguistic relativity

Yule, George 2013 2013